Prevalence, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Spain. Results of the Di@bet.es Study

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Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion), Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, and Sociedad Espanola de Diabetes.

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Prieto, MaAuthorGomis, RAuthorOrtega, EAuthor

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Article

Publicated to:Rev Esp Cardiol. 69 (6): 572-578 - 2016-06-01 69(6), DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2015.11.034

Authors: Menendez, Edelmiro; Delgado, Elias; Fernandez-Vega, Francisco; Prieto, Miguel A; Bordiu, Elena; Calle, Alfonso; Carmena, Rafael; Castano, Luis; Catala, Miguel; Franch, Josep; Gaztambide, Sonia; Girbes, Juan; Goday, Albert; Gomis, Ramon; Lopez-Alba, Alfonso; Teresa Martinez-Larrad, Maria; Mora-Peces, Inmaculada; Ortega, Emilio; Rojo-Martinez, Gemma; Serrano-Rios, Manuel; Urrutia, Ines; Valdes, Sergio; Antonio Vazquez, Jose; Vendrell, Joan; Soriguero, Federico

Affiliations

Canario Salud, Atenc Primaria, Serv Normalizado Urgencias La Laguna, San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain - Author

Ctr Invest Biomed Red Diabet & Enfermedades Metab, Inst Invest Sanitaria Hosp Clin San Carlos, Lab Lipidos & Diabet, Madrid, Spain CIBERDEM CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red - Author

Ctr Salud Vallobin, Serv Salud Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain - Author

Hosp Arnau Vilanova, Unidad Diabet, Valencia, Spain University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova - Author

Hosp Clin Univ Valencia, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Diabet & Enfermedades Metab, Serv Med & Endocrinol, Valencia, Spain CIBERDEM CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red - Author

Hosp Jove, Serv Endocrinol, Gijon, Asturias, Spain - Author

Hosp Mar, Serv Endocrinol & Nutr, Barcelona, Spain Hospital del Mar Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM) - Author

Hosp Univ Carlos Haya IBIMA, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Diabet & Enfermedades Metab, Serv Endocrinol & Nutr, Malaga, Spain Universidad de Malaga CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red CIBERDEM - Author

Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Serv Endocrinol & Nutr, Avda Roma S-N, Oviedo 33011, Asturias, Spain. Central University Hospital Asturias - Author

Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Serv Nefrol, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain Central University Hospital Asturias - Author

Hosp Univ Joan XXIII, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Diabet & Enfermedades Metab, Inst Invest Sanitaries Pere Virgili, Serv Endocrinol & Nutr, Tarragona, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili CIBERDEM CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV) - Author

Hosp Univ San Carlos, Lab Endocrinol, Madrid, Spain - Author

Hosp Univ San Carlos, Serv Endocrinol & Nutr, Madrid, Spain - Author

Minist Salud, Plan Nacl Diabet, Madrid, Spain - Author

Unitat Suport Recerca IDIAP Fundacio Jordi Gol, Inst Catala Salut, Red GEDAPS, EAP Raval Sud,Atenc Primaria, Barcelona, Spain Catalan Health Institute - Author

Univ Barcelona, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Diabet & Enfermedades Metab, IDIBAPS, Hosp Clin Barcelona,Unidad Diabet & Endocrinol, Barcelona, Spain IDIBAPS University of Barcelona Hospital Clinic de Barcelona CIBERDEM CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red - Author

Univ Basque Country, Hosp Univ Cruces, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Diabet & Enfermedades Metab, Grp Invest Diabet, San Vicente De Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain University of Basque Country CIBERDEM CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Hospital Universitario Cruces - Author

Univ Oviedo, Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Dept Med, Serv Endocrinol & Nutr, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain Central University Hospital Asturias University of Oviedo - Author

Abstract

Di@bet.es is a national study designed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish adult population. The prevalence of hypertension and the degree to which it is recognized, treated, and controlled are described.The study included a sample of the Spanish population with 5048 adults aged ? 18 years. Patients were questioned and examined, with 3 blood pressure readings while seated and at rest to calculate the mean of the 3 readings. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ? 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ? 90 mmHg and/or prescription for antihypertensive drug therapy.Hypertension was found in 42.6% of the Spanish adult population aged ? 18 years and was more common among men (49.9%) than women (37.1%). The prevalence was higher among prediabetics (67.9%) and diabetics (79.4%). Undiagnosed hypertension was identified in 37.4% of patients and was more common in men (43.3%) than in women (31.5%). Among patients with known hypertension, 88.3% were receiving drug therapy. Well-controlled blood pressure was found in only 30% and was more common among women (24.9%) than men (16%).The prevalence of hypertension in Spain is high, and a considerable percentage of hypertensive patients have still not been diagnosed. Hypertension is associated with diabetes and prediabetes, and although drug therapy is increasingly common, the degree of control has not improved and remains low. Population campaigns should be developed and promoted for hypertension prevention, detection, and treatment.Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Keywords

adultsawarenessdiabetes mellitushypertension treatmentmanagementpopulationprediabetessexspaintrendsAbreviaturas hta hipertensión arterialBlood-pressure controlDiabetes mellitusEpidemiologia de la hipertensionEspanaHypertension epidemiologyHypertension treatmentIeca inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensinaImc índice de masa corporalPa presión arterialPrediabetesSpainTratamiento de la hipertension

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Rev Esp Cardiol due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2016, it was in position 32/126, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 3.56. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 18.83 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-27, the following number of citations: