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Sexual dimorphism of autophagy in Syrian hamster Harderian gland culminates in a holocrine secretion in female glands

Publicated to:Autophagy. 5 (7): 1004-1017 - 2009-01-01 5(7), DOI: 10.4161/auto.5.7.9610

Authors: Vega-Naredo I; Caballero B; Sierra V; Huidobro-Fernández C; De Gonzalo-Calvo D; García-Macia M; Tolivia D; Rodríguez-Colunga M; Coto-Montes A

Affiliations

Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA) - Author
Universidad de Oviedo - Author

Abstract

The Syrian hamster Harderian gland (HG) has a large porphyrin metabolism with a sexual dimorphism, showing male HGs much lower porphyrin concentrations than female glands. Damage derived from this production of porphyrins, displayed by reactive oxygen species, forces the gland to develop morphological changes that must have a physiological significance. Thus, oxidative stress is present in two states: mild oxidative stress in male HGs and extreme oxidative stress in female HGs. Cathepsins data gave indirect indications about the presence of programmed cell death affecting the lysosomal pathway, especially in female HGs, which showed an accumulation of autophagic bodies. Our results showed different degrees of autophagy in Syrian hamster HGs depending on sex and probably controlled by the redox-sensitive transcription factors: NFkappaB and p53. The discovery of these sexual dimorphisms in redox signaling and in autophagy corroborates previous findings and underlines the key role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of autophagy. In addition, in this paper we propose a physiological significance for these phenomena: male HGs develop a survival autophagy, while in female HGs, autophagy culminates in a detachment-derived cell death that plays a central role in its secretory activity, leading to a massive glandular secretion. ©2009 Landes Bioscience.

Keywords

AutophagyHarderian glandHolocrine secretionNfκbOxidative stressP53

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Autophagy due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2009, it was in position 26/161, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Cell Biology.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.55, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-13, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 25
  • Scopus: 30
  • OpenCitations: 33

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-13:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 21 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.