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The authors are grateful to the patients and their families for participating in the project. They also thank all research personnel involved in the GROUP project, in particular J. van Baaren, E. Veermans, G. Driessen, T. Driesen, E. van't Hag and J. de Nijs. All the DNA samples from Turkey were provided by the Ankara University Brain Research Center Biobank, that was supported by Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (project no. 10A6055003, 2010) .

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Examining facial emotion recognition as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis: Findings from the EUGEI study

Publicated to:Progress In Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 113 110440- - 2022-03-08 113(), DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110440

Authors: Fusar-Poli, Laura; Pries, Lotta-Katrin; van Os, Jim; Erzin, Gamze; Delespaul, Philippe; Kenis, Gunter; Luykx, Juryen J; Lin, Bochao D; Richards, Alexander L; Akdede, Berna; Binbay, Tolga; Altinyazar, Vesile; Yalincetin, Berna; Gumus-Akay, Guvem; Cihan, Burgin; Soygur, Haldun; Ulas, Halis; Cankurtaran, Eylem Sahin; Kaymak, Semra Ulusoy; Mihaljevic, Marina M; Andric-Petrovic, Sanja; Mirjanic, Tijana; Bernardo, Miguel; Mezquida, Gisela; Amoretti, Silvia; Bobes, Julio; Saiz, Pilar A; Garcia-Portilla, Maria Paz; Sanjuan, Julio; Aguilar, Eduardo J; Santos, Jose Luis; Jimenez-Lopez, Estela; Arrojo, Manuel; Carracedo, Angel; Lopez, Gonzalo; Gonzalez-Penas, Javier; Parellada, Mara; Maric, Nadja P; Atbasoglu, Cem; Ucok, Alp; Alptekin, Koksal; Saka, Meram Can; Aguglia, Eugenio; Arango, Celso; O'Donovan, Michael; Rutten, Bart P F; Guloksuz, Sinan

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Abstract

Social cognition impairments, such as facial emotion recognition (FER), have been acknowledged since the earliest description of schizophrenia. Here, we tested FER as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis using two approaches that are indicators of genetic risk for schizophrenia: the proxy-genetic risk approach (family design) and the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ).The sample comprised 2039 individuals with schizophrenia, 2141 siblings, and 2049 healthy controls (HC). The Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task (DFAR) was applied to measure the FER accuracy. Schizotypal traits in siblings and HC were assessed using the Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised (SIS-R). The PRS-SCZ was trained using the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium results. Regression models were applied to test the association of DFAR with psychosis risk, SIS-R, and PRS-SCZ.The DFAR-total scores were lower in individuals with schizophrenia than in siblings (RR?=?0.97 [95% CI 0.97, 0.97]), who scored lower than HC (RR?=?0.99 [95% CI 0.99-1.00]). The DFAR total score was negatively associated with SIS-R total scores in siblings (B?=?-2.04 [95% CI -3.72, -0.36]) and HC (B?=?-2.93 [95% CI -5.50, -0.36]). Different patterns of association were observed for individual emotions. No significant associations were found between DFAR scores and PRS-SCZ.Our findings based on a proxy genetic risk approach suggest that FER deficits may represent an intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia. However, a significant association between FER and PRS-SCZ was not found. In the future, genetic mechanisms underlying FER phenotypes should be investigated trans-diagnostically.Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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