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Article

P53 in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pattern-Based Immunohistochemical Framework with Molecular Correlation

Publicated to:Cancers. 15 (10): 2719- - 2023-05-11 15(10), DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102719

Authors: Trias, Isabel; Saco, Adela; Marimon, Lorena; Lopez del Campo, Ricardo; Manzotti, Carolina; Ordi, Oriol; del Pino, Marta; Perez, Francisco M M; Vega, Naiara; Alos, Silvia; Martinez, Antonio; Rodriguez-Carunchio, Leonardo; Reig, Oscar; Jares, Pedro; Teixido, Cristina; Ajami, Tarek; Manuel Corral-Molina, Juan; Algaba, Ferran; Ribal, Maria J; Ribera-Cortada, Inmaculada; Rakislova, Natalia

Affiliations

Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. - Author
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Universityof Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. - Author
Department of Pathology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. - Author
Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. - Author
Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.; Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. - Author
Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain. - Author
Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.; Translational Genomic and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, - Author
Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Med Oncol - Author
Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, Translat Genom & Targeted Therapeut Solid Tumors - Author
Translational Genomic and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. - Author
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Pathol, Fdn Puigvert - Author
Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Inst Global Hlth ISGlobal - Author
Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Obstet & Gynecol - Author
Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Pathol - Author
Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin Barcelona, Urooncol Unit - Author
Univ Vic, Cent Univ Catalonia UVic UCC, Fac Med - Author
Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. - Author
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Abstract

p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been proposed as a surrogate for TP53 mutations in penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCC). We aimed to evaluate the performance of a pattern-based evaluation of p53 IHC in PSCC. Human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA testing, p16 and p53 IHC, and whole exome sequencing were performed in a series of 40 PSCC. p53 IHC was evaluated following a pattern-based framework and conventional p53 IHC evaluation. Out of 40 PSCC, 12 (30.0%) were HPV-associated, and 28 (70.0%) were HPV-independent. The agreement between the p53 IHC pattern-based evaluation and TP53 mutational status was almost perfect (k = 0.85). The sensitivity and accuracy of the pattern-based framework for identifying TP53 mutations were 95.5% and 92.5%, respectively, which were higher than the values of conventional p53 IHC interpretation (54.5% and 70.0%, respectively), whereas the specificity was the same (88.9%). In conclusions, the pattern-based framework improves the accuracy of detecting TP53 mutations in PSCC compared to the classical p53 IHC evaluation.

Keywords

AdultAgedArticleCancer diagnosisClinical articleControlled studyCorrelation analysisDiagnostic accuracyDiagnostic test accuracy studyDisease markerGene mutationHigh risk populationHumanHuman tissueImmunohistochemistryMaleMutational analysisP53 immunohistochemistryPattern-based frameworkPenile squamous cell carcinomaProtein p16Protein p53Sensitivity and specificitySquamous cell carcinoma of the penisSurrogate markerTp53 mutationsTumor suppressor geneVery elderlyVirus dnaWart virusWhole exome sequencing

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Cancers due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 78/322, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Oncology.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.45. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.53 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 7.03 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-30, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 8
  • Scopus: 11
  • Europe PMC: 3

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-30:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 9.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 9 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Saco Álvarez, María Adela) .