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Ruiz Cortés, VictoriaAuthorJimenez, EAuthorSole, BAuthorMitjans, MAuthorVaro, CAuthorMartinez-Aran, AAuthorTorrent, CAuthorVieta, EAuthor

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January 23, 2025
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Impact of childhood trauma on cognitive profile in bipolar disorder

Publicated to: Bipolar Disorders. 19 (5): 16-16 - 2017-08-01 19(5), DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12514

Authors:

Jimenez, Esther; Sole, Brisa; Arias, Barbara; Mitjans, Marina; Varo, Cristina; Reinares, Maria; del Mar Bonnin, Caterina; Ruiz, Victoria; Alejandra Saiz, Pilar; Paz Garcia-Portilla, M; Buron, Patricia; Bobes, Julio; Amann, Benedikt L; Martinez-Aran, Anabel; Torrent, Carla; Vieta, Eduard; Benabarre, Antoni
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Affiliations

Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Inst Neuropsiquiatria & Addicc, IMIM Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med, Hosp del Mar,Dept Psiquiatry, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain - Author
Univ Barcelona IBUB, Dept Biol Evolut Ecol & Ciencies Ambientals, Fac Biol, Inst Biomed,Univ Barcelona,CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain - Author
Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, IDIBAPS, Bipolar Disorder Unit,CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Univ Oviedo, Inst Neurociencias Principado Asturias, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat,CIBERSAM,SESPA,INEUROPA, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is associated with cognitive impairment even during remission periods. Nonetheless, this impairment seems to adjust to different profiles of severity. Our aim was to examine the potential impact of childhood trauma (CT) on cognitive performance and, more specifically, on neurocognitive profile membership.Using a data-driven strategy, 113 euthymic bipolar patients were grouped according to their cognitive performance using a hierarchical clustering technique. Patients from the three resulting clusters, the so-called "low", "average", and "high performance" groups, were then compared in terms of main sociodemographic, clinical and functioning variables, including CT measures. One-way ANOVA, a chi-square test and partial correlations were used for this purpose, as appropriate. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to determine which variables contributed to neurocognitive clustering membership.Patients from the three neurocognitive clusters differed in terms of sociodemographic, clinical, functioning and CT variables. Scores on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), especially on the physical negligence subscale, were also associated with a poor cognitive performance. The multinomial regression model indicated that CTQ total scores and the estimated intelligence quotient (IQ) significantly contributed to differentiation among the three neurocognitive groups.Our results confirmed that CT significantly impacts on cognitive performance during adulthood in BD. The data obtained suggest that a history of CT could act as a liability marker for cognitive impairment. A higher estimated IQ may act as a protective factor against cognitive decline in this group of patients.© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Keywords

abusechildhood traumaclinical-featurescluster analysiscognitive impairmentquality-of-liferating-scalereliabilityreprocessing therapyreservespanish versionvalidityAbuseAdultAdult survivors of child abuseBipolar disorderChildhood traumaClinical-featuresCluster analysisCognitionCognitive dysfunctionCognitive impairmentEye-movement desensitizationFemaleHumansIntelligence testsLife change eventsMaleMiddle agedQuality-of-lifeRating-scaleReliabilityReprocessing therapyReserveRisk factorsSpainSpanish versionSurveys and questionnairesValidity

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal BIPOLAR DISORDERS due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2017, it was in position 24/142, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Psychiatry.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.73. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-04-05, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 49
  • Scopus: 29
  • Europe PMC: 23
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-05:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 176.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 176 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 6 (Altmetric).
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Germany.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Jiménez Martínez, Esther) and Last Author (Benabarre, A).

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