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Grant support

Funded by EU H2020 Research and Innovation Programme, Grant 785907 (HBP SGA2) and 945539 (HBP SGA3) to MVSV and to MM, BFU2017-85048-R (MINECO) and SloW-Dyn FLAGERA-PCIN-2015-162C02-01 to MVSV. IDIBAPS is supported by CERCA (Generalitat de Catalunya) to MVSV.

Analysis of institutional authors

Dasilva MAuthorCamassa AAuthorNavarro-Guzman AAuthorPerez-Mendez LAuthorZamora-López GAuthorSanchez-Vives MvCorresponding Author

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October 21, 2020
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Article

Modulation of cortical slow oscillations and complexity across anesthesia levels

Publicated to:Neuroimage. 224 117415- - 2021-01-01 224(), DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117415

Authors: Dasilva, Miguel; Camassa, Alessandra; Navarro-Guzman, Alvaro; Pazienti, Antonio; Perez-Mendez, Lorena; Zamora-Lopez, Gorka; Mattia, Maurizio; Sanchez-Vivesa, Maria V

Affiliations

Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats ICREA, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats - Author
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer - IDIBAPS - Author
Ist Super Sanita ISS, Nati Ctr Radioprotect & Computat Phys, Rome, Italy - Author
Istituto Superiore di Sanita - Author
Univ Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona - Author
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Abstract

The ability of different groups of cortical neurons to engage in causal interactions that are at once differentiated and integrated results in complex dynamic patterns. Complexity is low during periods of unconsciousness (deep sleep, anesthesia, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) in which the brain tends to generate a stereotypical pattern consisting of alternating active and silent periods of neural activity-slow oscillations- and is high during wakefulness. But how is cortical complexity built up? Is it a continuum? An open question is whether cortical complexity can vary within the same brain state. Here we recorded with 32-channel multielectrode arrays from the cortical surface of the mouse and used both spontaneous dynamics (wave propagation entropy and functional complexity) and a perturbational approach (a variation of the perturbation complexity index) to measure complexity at different anesthesia levels. Variations in anesthesia level within the bistable regime of slow oscillations (0.1-1.5 Hz) resulted in a modulation of the slow oscillation frequency. Both perturbational and spontaneous complexity increased with decreasing anesthesia levels, in correlation with the decrease in coherence of the underlying network. Changes in complexity level are related to, but not dependent on, changes in excitability. We conclude that cortical complexity can vary within a single brain state dominated by slow oscillations, building up to the higher complexity associated with consciousness.Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Keywords

BrainConsciousnessCortical connectivityEmergent activityEntropyLempel-ziv complexityLess-than-1 hzNeocortical neuronsPciPropofolReceptorsSleepSlow wavesUp statesWave propagationWaves

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Neuroimage due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 2/14, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 3.75. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.33 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 14.2 (source consulted: Dimensions Sep 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-09-11, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 41
  • Scopus: 40
  • Europe PMC: 17

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-09-11:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 112.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 112 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 6.45.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 10 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Italy.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Dasilva Ogando, Miguel) and Last Author (Sanchez Vives, Maria V.).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Sanchez Vives, Maria V..