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This work has been supported in part by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS PI19/00669), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and 2017SGR00792 (AGAUR; Generalitat de Catalunya).

Analysis of institutional authors

Moreno DfAuthorPereira AAuthorJiménez?segura R.AuthorTovar NAuthorCibeira MtAuthorMagnano LAuthorRozman MAuthorLopez-Guerra MAuthorColomer DAuthorMartin-Antonio BCorresponding AuthorJiménez-Segura RAuthorIsola IAuthorRodríguez-Lobato LgAuthorOliver-Caldés AAuthorMena MpAuthorRosinol LAuthorBlade JAuthorFernandez De Larrea CCorresponding Author

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Article

Defining an Ultra-Low Risk Group in Asymptomatic IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy

Publicated to:Cancers. 13 (9): 2055- - 2021-05-01 13(9), DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092055

Authors: Moreno, David F; Pereira, Arturo; Tovar, Natalia; Cibeira, Maria Teresa; Magnano, Laura; Rozman, Maria; Lopez-Guerra, Monica; Colomer, Dolors; Martin-Antonio, Beatriz; Jimenez-Segura, Raquel; Isola, Ignacio; Rodriguez-Lobato, Luis Gerardo; Oliver-Caldes, Aina; Mena, Mari Pau; Rosinol, Laura; Blade, Joan; Fernandez de Larrea, Carlos

Affiliations

Abstract

We analyzed 171 patients with asymptomatic IgM monoclonal gammopathies (64 with IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance—MGUS and 107 with smoldering Waldenström macroglobulinemia ‐ SWM) who had a bone marrow (BM) evaluation performed at diagnosis. Abnormal free‐light chain ratio (53% vs. 31%) and MYD88 mutation prevalence (66% vs. 30%) were higher in patients with SWM. No other differences were found among groups. With a median follow‐up of 4.3 years, 14 patients progressed to Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 1 to amyloidosis, and 28 died without progression. The MYD88 mutation was found in 53% of patients (available in 160 patients). Multivariate analysis showed that immunoparesis (subhazard ra-tio—SHR 10.2, 95% confidence interval—CI: 4.2–24.8; p < 0.001) and BM lymphoplasmacytic infiltration ≥ 20% (SHR: 6, 95% CI: 1.6–22.1; p = 0.007) were associated with higher risk of progression. We developed a risk model based on these two risk factors. In the absence of both variables, an ultra‐low risk group was identified (SHR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02–0.5; p = 0.004), with 3% and 6% of cu-mulative incidence of progression at 10 and 20 years, respectively. Bootstrap analysis confirmed the reproducibility of these results. This study finds immunoparesis and BM infiltration as bi-omarkers of progression as well as a low‐risk group of progression in asymptomatic IgM mono-clonal gammopathies.

Keywords

bone marrowdeterminantsdisordersimmunoparesisinternational workshopm macroglobulinemiamyd88smoldering waldenstr&#246somatic mutationssurvivaltreatment recommendationsundetermined significancewaldenström macroglobulinemiaBone marrowDeterminantsDisordersIgm mgusImmunoparesisInternational workshopM macroglobulinemiaMyd88Smoldering waldenstr&#246Smoldering waldenström macroglobulinemiaSomatic mutationsSurvivalTerm-follow-upTreatment recommendationsUndetermined significanceWaldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Cancers due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 60/245, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Oncology.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.64, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-08, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 7
  • Scopus: 7
  • Europe PMC: 6
  • OpenCitations: 6

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-08:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 14.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 13 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 4.7.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 8 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Moreno Fajardo, David Fernando) and Last Author (Fernández de Larrea Rodríguez, Carlos).

the authors responsible for correspondence tasks have been Martín Antonio, Araceli Beatriz and Fernández de Larrea Rodríguez, Carlos.