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Part of the equipment employed in this work has been funded by Generalitat Valenciana and co-financed with ERDF funds (OP ERDF of Comunitat Valenciana 2014-2020). J.M.-P. is funded by the Carlos III Health Institute (Madrid, Spain) through a Miguel Servet programme (CP18/00009). In addition, this work was supported by the Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development Fund (PI16/02064, PI15/01934 and PI18/01022), and by CIBEROBN.

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Palomo Buitrago, Maria EncarnaciónAuthor

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Article

Combining metabolic profiling of plasma and faeces as a fingerprint of insulin resistance in obesity

Publicated to:Clinical Nutrition. 39 (7): 2292-2300 - 2020-01-01 39(7), DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.022

Authors: Palomino-Schatzlein, M; Mayneris-Perxachs, J; Caballano-Infantes, E; Rodriguez, MA; Palomo-Buitrago, ME; Xiao, XP; Mares, R; Ricart, W; Simo, R; Herance, JR; Fernandez-Real, JM

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Abstract

Background & aims: Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the main risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, its underlying pathophysiology is not completely established because IR is triggered by a complex interconnection of numerous factors impairing metabolism, promoting metabolome changes. Methods: We used a metabolomics approach to identify plasma and faecal metabolites related to IR and obesity. We explored a cohort of 44 subjects at baseline, with 30 of them followed two years thereafter in a longitudinal study after an hypocaloric diet in the obese subjects. Results: In all individuals as a whole, 11 plasma metabolites positively associated with BMI (acetoacetate, creatinine, glycerol, glycerol of lipids, VLDL, fatty esters, myo-inositol, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine and valine) and one negatively (phosphocholine), with similar associations at baseline and follow-up. Four of these metabolites (myo-inositol, valine, acetoacetate and phosphocholine) remained significant within obese and non-obese groups. Thirteen faecal metabolites positively associated with BMI at baseline and one negatively (glutamine). However, these correlations did not remain significant at follow-up. The correlations were not always consistent at baseline and at follow-up and the metabolites that showed significant correlations were different for the obese group compared with the control group. The percent change in plasma Delta ethanolamine, Delta glucose, Delta uracil and Delta hypoxanthine were positively associated with Delta BMI. The percent change in plasma Delta phosphocholine and of faecal Delta hydroxyphenylacetate, and Delta 2-hydroxyphenylacetate were associated with Delta HOMA-IR in those patients that lost weight. Faecal branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) in faeces were associated with IR, following a similar pattern to that described for plasma BCAAs. Choline derivates had an opposite behaviour. Conclusions: The integration of plasma and faecal metabolites represents a valuable fingerprint that could help in the identification of patients at risk for IR and in the design of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent IR and the development of overt T2DM in the context of obesity. The results are coherent with diet having a much greater impact on faecal metabolomic profile than on plasma metabolome. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Keywords

bmifaecesinsulin resistancemetabolomicsobesityBetaineBmiBranched-chainChain amino-acidsCholineFaecesInositolInsulin resistanceMetabolomicsObesityPlasmaRiskSensitivityTyrosine

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Clinical Nutrition due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position 7/88, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Nutrition & Dietetics. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.35, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-29, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 6
  • Scopus: 10
  • OpenCitations: 8

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-29:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 62.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 61 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).